Pennsylvania Native Fir Trees, Abies and Pseudotsuga

Fir Trees of Pennsylvania

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Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.)
Height: 40-60 ft
Diameter: 1-1.5 ft
Showy flower: no
Fall colors: no-evergreen
Drought tolerant: low
Annual rainfall: 13-60
Soil Needs: moist, rocky
Frost Free Days: 80
Minimum Temperature (F): -43
Growth Rate: slow
Longevity: 200 years
State List: CT, IA, IN, MA, MD, ME,
MI, MN, NH, NY, OH, PA, RI, VA, VT
WI, WV

There are two varieties of Abies balsamea, one being typical of the species, var. balsamea, and the other being var. phanerolepis. For this article, we will discuss the species as a whole.
A slow growing tree species, the oldest individual trees are typically not more than 200 years old. Reaching 40 to 60 feet in height and 1 to 1.5 feet in diameter, a single trunk supports whorled branches. The ...more

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Foliage of abies balsamea consists of many short needles

Abies balsamea seeds are light brown and have one large wing

Abies balsamea is native to scattered counties throughout the central and northeastern corner of Pennsylvania with smaller populations along the northern border

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The state distribution maps in the species info boxes below are from the USDA NRCS PLANTS Database at plants.usda.gov. In instances where state specific maps are unavailable, the US distribution map will be used in its place. Also, the PLANTS Database website states "Our county data are based primarily on the literature, herbarium specimens,

and confirmed observations. However, not all populations have been documented, so some gaps in the distribution shown above may not be real. Remember that only native and naturalized populations are mapped!"

Also included in the Pine family, Pinaceae, are the genera Larix (Larch), Picea (Spruce), Pinus (Pine), and Tsuga (Hemlock).

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Native Fir Trees, Abies and Pseudotsuga